The Cultural Issues Of Christianity - 863 Words

Moving on to the cultural issues, Christianity mainly in particular faces the problem of having certain holidays such as Christmas and Easter being secularized in the UK. These holidays which are held by Christians in the UK are now pagan holidays for all faiths by introducing figures such as Santa Claus and the Easter Bunny respectively. As of today Christians are campaigning for Christmas and other religious holidays to be celebrated for what it really is according to BBC News (2012). When looking at Islamic festivals however, there are so little in comparison. Twice a year they have Eid. The social issue is that generally children have to attend school and people go to work as they are not considered public holidays. PRC (2014) states†¦show more content†¦This means that these cultural issues involve the UK government plan to secularize the country is resulting in reducing Christianity in the UK. For Islam, there are cultural issues such as the religion being associated with terrorism and Muslims find this as associative discrimination Carter-Esdale (2015). This is because there are extreme groups that conducted terrorist attacks in the various nations claiming that they are defending Islam. In the UK, there are some Muslims that feel that it is harder to socially integrate into society as some of them are associated with this issue. Wiseman (2014: p314) states that the extreme groups accounts for a small percentage of the Muslim population and the entire Muslim population is now generalized to be part of this issue and as a result they feel that their true intentions of Islam is now being misinterpreted. This means that Muslims are fighting for Islam to be seen as a religion of peace and not war and that they do intend to be part of society. The last cultural issue which Shah (2014: p245) shows is that there are Muslims in the UK that tend to stay together with their particular groups as a means of keeping their cultural values, faith and their identity and this is not for themselves, but for the upcoming generation on a patrilineal basis. This means the Muslim families would want to cluster together have their generation have the same

The Jack Roller Free Essays

Peter Wilke Professor Callais Analysis Paper February 11, 2013 The Jack Roller In the book The Jack Roller author Clifford Shaw is a criminologist who has researched many different youthful deviants to see exactly when the deviance begins and how it evolves. The book dives deep into the mind of a particular case of a boy named Stanley in Chicago during the 1920’s. From the beginning of the book Stanley is abused by his stepmother often being set aside so she could tend to here actual children. We will write a custom essay sample on The Jack Roller or any similar topic only for you Order Now I believe this book is most accurately depicts the social learning theory. Stanley has been exposed to a multitude of positive outlooks of crime from his family and friends at an extremely young age. I support the blank slate theory because in the very beginning of the book Stanley’s stepmother encourages him to act in deviant behavior. â€Å"One day my stepmother told William to take me to the railroad yard to break into box-cars. † (52-53). So Stanley has been taken under the wing of his step-brother who is stealing stuff for there stepmother, in return they are rewarded for stealing. This is a perfect example of an exposing Stanley to a positive outlook on crime. With this happening it kick started Stanley’s deviant behavior he began stealing for fun for many years, constantly being picked up by the police and taken to detentions homes which were not much of a punishment for him. Stanley enjoyed being in the detention home more than his real home so the consequence for his criminal behavior almost was a reward for him. In the detention home, Stanley was able to meet other criminal that furthermore gave him positive reinforcement of crime, â€Å"I was really awed by the bravery and wisdom of the older crooks. Their stories of adventure fascinated my childish imagination, and I felt drawn to them. (57). These criminal that Stanley met inspired him; they gave him someone to look up to, someone that he could aspire to be through crime. After being released Stanley was picked up by his step mother only to run away yet again to survive a couple days then be picked up by the police on the street. This process happened a multitude of times un til eventually he was sent to the St. Charles School for Boys. â€Å"The strict discipline, hard punishment, no recreation, fear, and unfair breaks made life miserable. † (68). St. Charles was the first negative consequence for his crimes. Stanley was absolutely miserable there and yearned to get out just to go back to stealing. In observing this book you realize that all Stanley knows is crime, he frequently is in and out of a job, and keeps one for rarely over a month. Stanley knows nothing but crime it has been engraved into his â€Å"clean slate†, and he has learned how to survive off of it. After serving 16 months Stanley was released for St. Charles only to be arrested not soon after and return back to St. Charles for another month. After being released Stanley makes somewhat of an attempt at earning his money honestly and goes though a multitude of jobs. He starts out living with this stepsister, only to be kicked out because of missing rent. He then meets a very friendly woman who takes him into her homes and lets him live. Stanley enjoys the company of this woman and uses her as somewhat of an emotional release, â€Å"This time I was not afraid, but felt a wave of depression and sadness come over me, because a woman was offering me sympathy; something I had never received before. † (76). Stanley lived with this woman for about a month soon to find out she was a prostitute, although he was shocked he did not condemn her for it and Stanley understood. He still left her to go to the YMCA only to return to the detention home. The interaction with Stanley and the prostitute enforces the social learning theory because it is exposing Stanley to his first mother figure that is a criminal. The only positive female influence in his entire life makes her living based off of crime; one could see how this could impact such an impressionable youthful mind. Eventually the vice president of a company he worked for took in Stanley, the man had no children and was very wealthy. Stanley enjoyed living with him and his wife but yearned for the freedom of his city, and at the first opportunity gather up his money and ran away. After this Stanley began to become involved in much more elaborate burglaries and â€Å" Jack Rolling†, he became with a â€Å"gang† of other boys and was making a large amount of money robbing and stealing. â€Å"So we plied our trade with a howling success for two months. Sometimes we made as much as two hundred dollars in a single day. † (97), this expressed an enormous positive reinforcement of crime to Stanley. Stanley has never made this type of money in his life before, it is much more fun and easier in his opinion than working a job and you can make much more than a job. In this book I believe Stanley was raised on a life of crime, nearly everything he was exposed to provided a positive outlook on this crime. He simply never was exposed to any real punishment before it was to late. All of the friendly people he met were criminals, such as the prostitute and his gang, he made a large amount of money â€Å"jack rolling†, and he enjoyed the ego from his criminal record with all the respect it earned him from the youth. The social learning theory supports Stanley’s case because his family, peers, school, and his environment all directed him into a life of crime. The other possible theory I could see one choosing would be the control theory, assuming that people are naturally inclined to commit crime could seem like it could fit Stanley’s case. The reason I did not choose it is because the environment that Stanley was in I feel created him. His stepmother, his siblings and stepsiblings, the detention home, his gang, and people such as the prostitute all impacted his deviant life an extreme amount. How to cite The Jack Roller, Essay examples

Egypt New Kingdom Egypt from the Reign of Amenhotep Iii to the Death of Rameses Ii. free essay sample

Egypt: New Kingdom Egypt From the reign of Amenhotep III to the death of Rameses II. Changing role and contribution of queens: Tiye, Nefertiti, Nefertari Tiye was from non-royal background and married Amenhotep early in his reign. The Marriage Scarabs clearly proclaimed Tiyes parents, Yuya and Thuya who were of non-royal background. She held the status of Great royal wife Mistress of upper and lower Egypt lady of the two lands. Her name often appears in a cartouche and in reliefs and sanctuary she is often shown beside Amenhotep as the same size. Amenhotep III undertook a massive building of a lake for Tiye, which shows he took pride in her. He also built a palace for Tiye at Malkata. Even some monuments indicate Tiye played an important part in Amenhoteps life. Evidence from the Amarna letters also indicate Tiye played an active role in foreign affairs. Foreign rulers wrote directly to her. â€Å"To Tiye, Lady of Egypt. Thus speaks Tushratta, King of Mitanni. Everything is well with me. May everything be well with you. May everything go well for your house, your son, may everything be perfectly well for your soldiers and for everything belonging to you. † Even when Amenhotep died the Mitanni king still wrote to her to maintain good relations. Early in Akhenatens reign, he relied on advice from his mother Tiye regarding matters relating to the Mitanni. It is not known what role Tiye played in Akhenatens religious reform, but she was still held in high esteem after the Aten collapse solidifying her importance to Egyptian society. Arguably, to those who are not very involved in the study of ancient Egypt, Queen Nefertiti is perhaps better known than her husband, the heretic king Akhenaten. Undoubtedly, Akhenaten seems to have had a great love for his Chief Royal wife. They were inseparable in early reliefs, many of which showed their family in loving, in almost idealist compositions. At times, the king is shown riding with her in a chariot, kissing her in public and with her sitting on his knee. Nefertiti was more then just a queen, she supported her husband, promoted his religious beliefs, and was depicted more pharaonic, rather then queenly. New findings are proving that Nefertiti was probably one of Egypt’s most powerful queens to ever rule. She was shown with the crown of a pharaoh and was depicted in scenes of battle. Nefertiti and her King lived during a highly unusual period in Egyptian history. It was a time of religious controversy when the traditional gods of Egypt were more or less abandoned at least by the royal family in favor of a single god, the sun disk named Aten. t is believed that Nefertiti was active in the religious and cultural changes initiated by her husband. Nefertari had other roles to carry out than to be a bearer of children to Ramesses. She played an important behind the scenes role in the Peace Treaty between her husband and Hattusil. Although things were technically peaceful on the treaty, there was still tension between the two shortly thereafter, with some uncertainty over some towns. The signing of the treaty was accompanied by an exchange of letters and gifts between Hattusil and Ramesses and their chief Queens, Padukhepa and Nefertari. â€Å"Says Naptera (Nefertari)†¦ with you my sister may all be well, and with your country may all be well†¦ in friendship and sisterly relation with the great queen of Khattte now and forever. † By doing this, it ensured that not only was there resolve between the two kings Ramesses and Hattusil, but between the two nations too. This was significant for Egypt as it aided in portraying Ramesses a good leader and diplomat, without making him seem weak, as well as overall strengthening Ramesses’ rule. Thus, the good links between the two nations would also have positive ramifications, letting trade routes stay open and resources becoming available to all which was the result of the communication of Nefertari. (Bradley, P. 2005) Post-Amarna reforms: restoration of Amun and other gods Akhenaten died in his seventeenth year on the throne and his reforms did not survive for long in his absence. His co-regent Smenkhkare, about whom we know virtually nothing, appears not to have remained in power for long after Akhenatens death. The throne passed to a child, Tutankhamun who was probably the son of Akhenaten and Kiya. The regents administering the country on behalf of the child soon abandoned the city of Akhetaten and the worship of the Aten and returned to Egypts traditional gods and religious centers. The temples and cults of the gods were restored and people shut up their houses and returned to the old capitals at Thebes and Memphis. Over time, the process of restoration of traditional cults turned to whole-scale obliteration of all things associated with Akhenaten. His image and names were removed from monuments. His temples were dismantled and the stone reused in the foundations of other more orthodox royal building projects. The city of Akhetaten gradually crumbled back into the desert. His name and those of his immediate successors were omitted from official king-lists so that they remained virtually unknown until the archaeological discoveries at Akhetaten and in the tomb of Tutankhamun made these kings amongst the most famous of all rulers of ancient Egypt. Horemheb’s wrecking crews destroyed all reminders of the Aten by following a careful plan as described by Redford in, Akhenaten, The Heretic King. â€Å"First and mud-brick construction within the Gempaaten was demolished and the rubble flattened. Then the legs of the colossal statues around the outside of the court were smashed and the upper parts of the images allowed falling forward on their faces into the courtyard. Next, the roofing blocks of the colonnade were taken off and thrown into the court, and the piers demolished one by one. The dismantling of the talatat wall, with its still-fresh reliefs, followed immediately, section by section. † Ankhesenpaaten and Tutankhaten also changed their names to Ankhesenamen and Tutankhamen, to honor the old gods that however despite this Aten was not abandoned at this point. Although the temples of the other gods were being reopened, the priest of the Aten would operate alongside the priests of the other gods. When the Restoration Stele was completed, the royal couple abandoned Akhet-Aten for good, presumable traveling between the reinstated capitals of Egypt: the administrative capital in Memphis and the religious capital, in Waset, where Amun ruled. Bibliography Egyptian Historical Records of the Later Eighteenth Dynasty, Fascicle VI B. G. Davies / 1995 Also Available at: †¢http://www. angelfire. com/ne2/TiaDuat/tutstela. html S. T. Smith 2003. Wretched Kush: ethnic identities and boundaries in Egypts Nubian empire London. Also available at: †¢http://books. google. com/books? id=M4gn7-aZ4DgC=PA176=PA176=with+you+my+sister+may+all+be+well,+and+with+your+country+may+all+be+well. +May+the+sun+got+(of+Egypt)+and+the+storm+god=bl=uyTLhfcWWn=ZcczIEtPj6JsX62asbgsnaTyp9w=en=DhceTOz6KZDCce2a0Nsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=1ved=0CBIQ6AEwAA#v=snippetq=Nefertitif=false P. Bradley. 1999. Ancient Egypt: Reconstructing the Past. Reprinted in 2007 KingTutOne. com. The Queens. 2001. King Tut One Authors. Available at: †¢http://www. kingtutone. com/queens/nefertiti/ †¢http://www. kingtutone. com/queens/nefertari/ Queen Tiye . Megaera Lorenz . Published 4/2/00 Available at: †¢http://www. heptune. com/Tiye. html The End of the Amarna Period. Dr Marc Gabolde. Last updated 2009-11-05. Available at: †¢http://www. bbc. co. uk/history/ancient/egyptians/amarna_01. shtml

The Facts Of Aids Essays - HIVAIDS, Health, Medicine, HIV, Virus

The Facts Of Aids AIDS is the plague of the 20th century, but how much do we really know about this deadly disease? HIV is a virus that gets into the body and flows through the bloodstream. AIDS is the disease that is caused by HIV. Once you are diagnosed as HIV positive, you do not automatically have AIDS. There is a possibility of being HIV positive, and not having AIDS. Most people do not know it is the infections that break down the body's immune system rather than the AIDS that kills paients. HIV can be prevented in many ways, but they are not always followed. People die when they don't play it safe. That's why we have to spread the word on prevention. There a three main ways the HIV can be spread: 1. sexual intercourse 2. intravenous drugs 3. blood transfusions (which are very rare now because all blood is tested) HIV is spreading like wild fire among adolescents because they don't believe it can happen to them. Sixty-one percent of 14-21 year olds are engaged in sexual intercourse. The problem we have to deal with is the spreading of this disease among our generation. A small percentage of people who use condoms still get HIV because: 1. misuse of condom 2. use of drugs or alcohol which can impair judgment or proper use 3. the condom could be defected The AIDS virus can be spread in many ways. AIDS can be transmitted by direct contact of bodily fluids from an infected male or female. The AIDS infected blood contaminates uninfected blood. The three most common ways of transmission are: sexual intercourse, blood transfusions of infected blood, and the sharing of intravenous needles which may have contaminated blood still in them. The virus cannot be contracted in many of the ways people think it can. There is a very low concentration of the virus in tears and saliva, so these cases of transmission are very rare. There are no known cases of transmission through mosquitoes or any other animals. Another common way of AIDS transmission is mother to child transmission. The virus can be transmitted to the child from the mother before or during the delivery of the baby. The other mother to child transmission case is through the breast milk that he/she is fed in the early stages of the child's life. In the first stages of HIV, the symptoms don't show up. People can live with AIDS for years without knowing it. Blood tests at the doctor will show antibodies after they form to fight the AIDS virus, but it takes the antibodies three months to show up. That means that if you take a blood test right after you have sex, the virus won't show up for another three months. In the second stage, the virus grows within the white blood cells and destroys them. When most of the cells are destroyed, the immune system is destroyed and the body weakens. Some symptoms they might form are: they begin feeling tired, loose weight. They may develop a cough, diarrhea, fever, or sweating at night. With HIV a cold is more threatening to them than to a person without the disease. In stage three, the AIDS virus has nearly destroyed the body's immune system. The body has great difficulty fighting off germs. Also, patients can develop a rare type of cancer called Kaposi's sarcoma. AIDS doesn't kill anyone, but other infections and cancer do. Scientists are trying to develop a cure for the AIDS virus. There are three parts to finding the cure. The three parts are: 1. To devise a drug that will kill the HIV once it enters the body. 2. To create a vaccine that would prevent the disease. 3. To educate people world wide about the dangers of AIDS and how to prevent the HIV infection. In 1986, the first step was taken in AIDS prevention. AZT is a pill that has prolonged the lives of HIV infected patients. Ninety percent of patients who have taken the AZT pill are still alive after one year of being diagnosed. This is an increase of 50% without the pill. There are some side effects of AZT.

Uniforms in School Good or Bad essays

Uniforms in School Good or Bad essays Due to misconduct and obscure nature of students, school districts have decided to create a school uniform to create an equal environment in which students have a less of a chance to cause problems. In the opinions of most students, they considered this an act against their personal rights, but then others considered it to be a reasonable idea. School uniforms are somewhat reasonable but to not be in conflict with the students, a better idea would be to put restrictions to clothing. Applying a dress code, but not a full out uniform. School uniforms have an affect on the general environment of a school. One proposal described in the "Washington Post" states that most schools have turned to a school uniform to relieve the pressure on students to try to keep up with the fashions and be hip (B1). Which is true to some extent. Some students may face certain pressures to stay hip but it really doesn't effect a huge majority. For larger schools it might effect a greater percentage. School Uniforms have placed a question upon the students' parents and school districts. According to an article published in the Bellingham Herald states that a school or school district may require a school uniform when it has an overwhelming need to put into place (A9). This is agreeable, but to put school uniforms into effect a vote must occur with the parents of the school district before bringing the idea up with the school board. The student body should also have their opinion voiced to the school board. One major conflict that arises is the issue on if clothing is a form of symbolism. Some say it could be a form of speech (A9). This could be true to some extent but if a piece of clothing is disrupting or offending anyone should be removed and never seen on the premises. Yes, students should be able to dress the way they want, but schools should have the right to set standards and create more of a dre ...

When Two Stars Orbit Together

When Two Stars Orbit Together Since our solar system  has a single  star  at its heart, its logical to assume that all stars form independently and travel the galaxy alone. However,  it turns out that about a third (or possibly even more) of all stars are born in our galaxy (and in other galaxies) exist in multiple-star systems. There can be two stars (called a binary), three stars, or even more.   The Mechanics of a Binary Star Binaries (two stars orbiting around a common center of mass) are very common in the sky.  The larger of the two stars in such a system is called the primary star, while the smaller one is the companion or secondary star. One of the best-known binaries in the sky is the bright star Sirius, which has a very dim companion. Another favorite is Albireo, part of the constellation Cygnus, the Swan. Both are easy to spot, but it requires telescope or binoculars to see the components of each binary system.   The term binary star system should not be confused with the term double star. Such  systems are usually defined as two stars that appear to be interacting, but actually are very distant from each other and have no physical connection. It can be confusing to tell them apart, especially from a distance.   It can also be quite difficult to identify the individual stars of a binary system, as one or both of the stars may be non-optical  (in other words, not especially bright in visible light).  When such systems are found though, they usually fall into one of four following categories. Visual Binaries As the name suggests, visual binaries are systems in which the stars can be identified individually. Interestingly, in order to do so, it is necessary for the stars to be not too bright. (Of course, distance to the objects is also a determining factor if they will be individually resolved or not.) If one of the stars is of high luminosity, then its brightness will drown out the view of the companion. That makes it difficult to see. Visual binaries are detected with telescopes, or sometimes with binoculars. In many cases, other binaries, like those listed below, could be determined to be visual binaries when observed with powerful enough instruments. So the list of systems in this class is continually growing as more observations are made with more powerful telescopes. Spectroscopic Binaries Spectroscopy is a powerful tool in astronomy. It allows astronomers to determine various properties of stars simply by studying their light in minute detail. However, in the case of binaries, spectroscopy can also reveal that a star system may, in fact, be composed of two or more stars. How does this work? As two stars orbit each other they will at times be moving towards us, and away from us at others. This will cause their light to be blueshifted then redshifted  repeatedly.  By measuring the frequency of these shifts we can calculate information about their orbital parameters. Because spectroscopic binaries are often very close to each other (so close that even a good telescope cant split them apart, they are rarely also visual binaries. In the odd instances that they are, these systems are usually very close to Earth and have very long periods (the farther apart that they are, the longer it takes them to orbit their common axis). Closeness and long periods make the partners of each system easier to spot. Astrometric Binaries Astrometric binaries are stars that appear to be in orbit under the influence of an unseen gravitational force.  Often enough, the second star is a very dim source of electromagnetic radiation, either a small brown dwarf or perhaps a very old neutron star that has spun down below the death line. Information about the missing star can be ascertained by measuring the orbital characteristics of the optical star. The methodology for finding astrometric binaries is also used to find exoplanets (planets outside our solar system) by looking for wobbles in a star. Based on this motion the masses and orbital distances of the planets can be determined. Eclipsing Binaries In eclipsing binary systems the orbital plane of the stars is directly in our line of sight. Therefore the stars pass in front of each other as they orbit. When the dimmer star passes in front of the brighter star there is a significant dip in the observed brightness of the system. Then when the dimmer star moves behind the other, there is a smaller, but still measurable dip in brightness. Based on the time scale and magnitudes of these dips, the orbital characteristics, as well as information about the stars relative sizes and masses, can be determined. Eclipsing binaries can also be good candidates for spectroscopic binaries, though, like those systems they are rarely if ever found to be visual binary systems. Binary stars can teach astronomers a lot about their individual systems.They can also give clues to their formation, and the conditions under which they were born, since there had to be enough material in the birth nebula for both to form and not disrupt each other. In addition, there werent likely large sibling stars nearby, since those would have eaten up the material needed for the formation of the binaries.   The science of binaries is still very much an active topic in astronomy research.   Edited and updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Car Accidents in Saudi Arabia Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Car Accidents in Saudi Arabia - Assignment Example All of these factors directly or indirectly affect the behavior of human beings. If the behavior of a person is not effective or positive, his mental capacity is tormented. One such aspect of behavioral imbalance is the increasing rate of car accidents and how this disproportion can be managed through health promotion will be discussed in this paper. A traffic accident is defined as unacceptable and untenable damage done to life, money and the vehicle of a victim. It is also termed as car accident, car crash or Road Traffic Collision (RTC). It happens when two or more vehicles come in contact with one another or pedestrians. The rate of traffic accidents in the passing year has been recorded by the World Health Organization to be 1,322,905. Nowadays, the rate of car accidents is seen predominantly in young drivers. Older drivers are mature and careful. This difference can be due to a number of factors. For young drivers, car is not only the source of transportation. It is a means of reflecting his or her individual and socials aspects of life. For youth, over speeding and practicing dangerous stunts is self-expression. Also, they strive to stand out among their friends and seek to have an edge over others socially. As far as car accidents by adults are concerned, it is due to peer pressure of responsibilities. For instance, parents take the responsibility of driving their children to schools in the morning. All over the world, the mornings are saturated with office and school timings. This poses a risk to many lives. According to a research by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, children are eight times more vulnerable to dying in a car rather on a bus. In fact, bus is considered safer to travel on. Saudi Arabia is considered to have the highest toll of road accidents in the world. In the era from 1971 to 1994, the amount of car accidents and associated injuries and fatalities have escalated by 30, 6 and 7 times. There could be a number of reaso ns for this notorious and unpopular ranking. Research has shown that according to the Kingdom’s General Directorate of Traffic around 17 citizens in Saudi Arabia die every day on the roads. According to the report of WHO, the victims are adult males in between the age of 16 to 36. Furthermore, a news report by the Saudi daily Arab News the statistics reveal that 6,485 people had died while more than 36,000 were injured in 485,000 car accidents alone in 2008 and 2009. The cause of the tragedies varies accordingly. Some point out that it is because there are no other attractive spots for youth in the Kingdom so youth on a large scale especially teenager boys tend to take driving as their extra-curricular activity. (Walt 2010; WHO; Global Perspectives in Workplace Health Promotion 2010; Bener 2005) Yet another reason is that, there is a lack of situation awareness. The educational institutes don’t have any mechanism for imparting road safety rules. The young drivers out o f extreme behavior like over speeding and drifting on congested routes either run into a pedestrian, cross red lights or take unusual U-turns. There is no strict law and order and that is why the drivers feel free to breach the law. The local traffic police are even unable to control the situation because youth drivers are on a large scale. These

The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway - Essay Example Jake Barnes of Ernest Hemingway’s novel â€Å"The Sun Also Rises,† is the hero, as he possesses these qualities of head and heart. This hero knows the values of simple pleasures of life and finds the meaning of existence in them in trying circumstances. Hemingway places Jake into tragic situations to test his mettle, and shows how Jake does not submit to them meekly, and emerges with credit to set examples to others. Those who come into his contact have no option but to praise his disposition and learn something of the leadership qualities that are needed in a war situation. Pressure does not create any adverse reactions in his dealings. Jake is not a hero in terms of physical strength, but of the mind. His understanding of life is profound and he is not affected with success or failure. Sincere and skillful performances are his concerns. Jake has two types of values. One set is related to the army of which he is the integral part and another set relates to his personal values. He will not, under any circumstances violate the army rules but adds dignity to them with his personal values. His code of morality inspires even the enemy that is at war. Thus humanity and morality always triumph over enmity. The successful execution of the balancing act in a difficult situation is the hallmark of a true hero like Jake. The aftermath of World War I left harrowing societal situations. Jake’s war-incurred injury has turned him sexually impotent. However, he still has romantic urges, both intellectually and sexually. In the first part of the novel, a prostitute Georgette LeBlanc, catches the imagination of Jake and though he is unable to have any sexual relations with her, he still hires her and confesses, â€Å"[I had] a vague sentimental idea that it would be nice to eat with someone." (24) The generation, immediately after the war, finds itself directionless and destination-less. In such a grim situation anyone will turn cynical, but not Jake. He i s physically challenged from the war. He is part of the aimless and scared war survivors, but the important traits of his charismatic personality are depicted brilliantly by Hemingway. Nowhere in the novel is Jake a resigned character. He has his emotional problems, besides his physical disability. His sacrifice wins him the accolades of an Italian General who exclaims, â€Å"You†¦.have given more than your life. What a speech! I would like to have it illuminated to hang in the office.†(39) Jake’s disability affects his life from both ends, physically as well as emotionally. From the physical angle he is unable to consummate his love for Brett Ashley, and the tragic part of the relationship is, he must spend his time being in nearness to the one who is most dear to his heart at that turn of his life and he has daily interactions with her. He accepts his handicap that would have crushed any man, with great sense of equipoise. He does not exploit his physical handic ap to emotionally blackmail Brett, and he tries to overcome his plight with courage showing great understanding. He does not escape from the reality. He is desperate, but he will not compromise with the reality of his intense internal suffering arising out of his physical handicap. Hemmingway describes the plight of Jake brilliantly in the brief conversation that takes between the two lovers. This is the fitting finale to the story of the novel. â€Å"

The Key to Success Essay Example for Free

The Key to Success Essay Everyone wants to be a success in life. Whether it’s as simple as wining a soccer game or as big as ending up in the Genius World Book, many have goals that most people want to succeed in. In order to succeed, however, there are many traits that could be beneficial to have. Some basic factors that can lead to success are having a positive attitude and being responsible. The main key to success would be to have a positive mind set. Success will take a lot of time and effort and life just reminds humanity to keep on training. Every failure is a closer step to success. Giving up on something won’t help with gaining success or reaching the ultimate goal. For example, if a player wants to score a goal during one of the games and misses the first couple of times, thinking that it won’t be possible won’t get anyone anywhere. Everyone should always believe that anything can happen. It is very important to fuel the mind with positive energy. With positive energy fuel, anyone is capable of accomplishing things that others would have thought to be impossible. Success will come eventually, along with the right actions. Being responsible is another important aspect to being successful. If something is hard, speak up and ask for help because sitting around won’t help. Education and doing well in school will help teens get a better chance at being successful. For instance, doing homework on time is a responsibility that will lead to success at school. A failure to do so will result in a poor grade, which will then affect the overall grade at the end. Managing time efficiently is also crucial in order to gain success. If a certain task is given to do at work and there are other things to complete at the same time, one must try to work around and find time to finish all. This will also increase someone’s chance at success. If an employee is unable to finish the task, there are consequences from the boss. 100 percent responsibility and effort is needed in order to be on the road to success. Having a positive attitude plus the right actions will definitely help in the long run to becoming a success. It’s the little things like these that get people on the right track. Success doesn’t come without difficulty. There is a lot more to it and it will take some time, but thinking positively that anything is possible and being responsible will help get the task done.

Ban On Spam? :: essays research papers

Ban on Spam? Since the early days of the Internet with it’s slow connections, to today’s high tech version that plays a major function in everyday business, most advancements have been positive ones. Unfortunately one advancement that has not is Junk E-mail. These junk e-mails, (also known as â€Å"Spam†) can be described as useless messages are plaguing our Internet Service Providers (ISP) mail systems. The result of this is slower connections, a loss of time and of money. Therefore, in this work we will explore effects of Spam, (negative and positive) and will even decide if it is possible to make this practice an illegal one, even with the protection of our Constitutional First Amendment rights The question of whether or not junk emails could actually be made illegal does not have a short or easy answer. Yes it is true that these mails slow down many ISP servers by the massive amount of traffic they create, but do they really cause that much of a problem? Years before many of the current telemarketing laws were passed, companies could call whenever they felt that people were home, and attempted to pass on a good (and many times bad) deal to the consumer. This resulted in calls ranging from the early morning, to dinnertime, and lasting until the late hours of the evening. Now clearly this was a problem that needed to be alleviated. In contrast to the ring of each telephone throughout a person’s home, an E-mail box simply shows that a mail has been sent. In this case of E-mails, users can simply click on their delete button and the mail would be no more, that’s it. This gives companies who use Spam as a commercial tool a valid point. In addition, they also have a friend called the First Amendment on their side. The 1st amendment is thus far most likely the reason that Spam has not been made illegal, or controlled by the Federal government. Clearly stating that, â€Å"Congress shall make no law†¦prohibiting the freedom of speech, or of the press†¦Ã¢â‚¬  law makers are desperately attempting to find a loophole to gaining legal action against Spam. Despite the opposition of some free-speech advocates, the legislation is creeping closer to the House floor. Now for such legislation to be put into law, a bill would have to be proposed in the House of Representatives. A committee would devise a Bill and once debaters of both sides finished their arguments, a vote would take place.

Environmental Scan Paper

Internal and external environments of two real-world companies should bring further information towards research of an environmental scan. Through the environmental scan the research will bring to sight the reasonable advantages of the companies and plans of use in the company structure. Understanding each company creating value and tolerate competitiveness through business strategy will be written out. Measurements the companies use to validate the strategic effectiveness will show the organizations strategies, and the effectiveness of those strategies.The research should propose more knowledge of the environmental image when ready to move through the competitive business worldwide or local structure. With the environmental scan you have to know the purpose of a SWOT analysis. The SWOT will give you a better view of your company and gives you a deeper understanding of an environmental scan. We have to keep in mind companies in the 21st century have changed a lot to companies back in the days.Starting from the structure of the organization itself, how they plan, how they make decision, up until how they doing things but one thing that has not changed is that organizations which perform with an outstanding result never mistreat their planning. Each organization contends with each other to perform better according to others. These changes are made in order to practice a better organization each day as well as better results at the end of development.A way to get started is a drawing or a diagram showing the preparation in horizontal section of a structure, piece of ground. In planning, the very first step is to set a goal which is defined as â€Å"statements of intended results that are general in nature and are measureable on a naming or ranking scale of measurement. It is important to plan every single step and thing that is needed to be done to evade failure. Later, the importance to understand the purposes to plan which is providinga way about what the organ ization does, and what and why it needs to be accomplished so that the organization as a whole knows exactly what they are required to do. Therefore when they know what to do, they can work together with other staff to accomplish the goals that have been set to achieve. One of the companies that I chose is coca cola FEMSA. Coca-Cola FEMSA is the largest franchise bottler of Coca-Cola trademark beverages in the world, with operations in Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Argentina, Brazil and the Philippines (â€Å"Coca Cola â€Å", 2014).Coca-Cola FEMSA is working together with The Coca-Cola Company to develop more innovative joint business models to continue discovering and participating in new lines of beverages, ranging existing product lines and successfully advertising and marketing products. Cokes strategy is transforming their commercial models to focus on their customers’ value potential and using a value-based segmentation approa ch to capture the industry’s value potential.Implementing well-planned product, packaging and pricing strategies through different distribution channels (â€Å"Coca Cola â€Å", 2014). Driving product innovation along our different product categories and achieving the full operating potential of our commercial models and processes to drive operational efficiencies throughout our company. Looking at this company they really do look after what actions they do. Especially since they are trying to expand Coca Cola. The second company I chose is Sony. I chose Sony because technology is big in today’s day.Competitive Advantage of Sony’s unbelievable rise in the field of electronics is due to their innovation and high technology products. Sony prides itself on its history of â€Å"imagination and innovation† in the business â€Å"How Can Sony Regain Its Competitive Advantage? † (2012). Sony has come a long ways making a product better and better each ti me. From camcorders to re-invigorating the home gaming market, Sony has had a history of achieving a competitive advantage over its competitors through the use of innovation. Sony has used this for years in order to survive and grow.Business Strategy class breaks down into a two-by-two environment that consists of: Cost Leader, Differentiation, Focused Low-Cost, and Focused Difference. For example, if a company has a cost advantage as compared to its competitor, they produce same product at a lower cost and through differentiation they can make higher profits â€Å"How Can Sony Regain Its Competitive Advantage? † (2012). Competition in the customer electronic industry is mainly needy on barriers to entry, patent protection, access to capital, and cost & differentiation advantages.Even though Sony is well known for their products they are not the only ones out there making new technology. Their competitors are giving them a hard time like Microsoft with the x box or companies that make televisions also. Besides losing its ability to innovate, Sony also has been to slow in answering to the shift of market demand â€Å"How Can Sony Regain Its Competitive Advantage? † (2012). Lower-cost manufacturers from South Korea, China and South American companies, are increasingly undercutting Sony making it harder for them to charge a premium for its products.In 2001, Sony went into a combined venture with Swedish telecommunications equipment company Ericsson. There was no stimulus on the part of Sony to create a superior smartphone product which could gather a premium as the Apple iPhone did. If Sony is to recover its competitive advantage, they need to get back to creating innovative products that consumers see as unique and provides value. Consumers have much more choosing power and competition is fierce.

The biggest thing I have learned from music

In â€Å"The Art of Eating Spaghetti,† Russel Baker's discovered his passion to become a writer. Wrting was the only talent and it was the only outlet for him to find who he is. If there was one thing that I've noticed that has changed me, that is music. Before I got into music, I was someone completely different. But then about 10 years ago, I finally bought my first music CD; it was a soundtrack to the movie, Crow: City of Angels. That day, something just clicked in me, like a missing piece of a puzzle. After that, while my sister was at school, every chance I got I went into her already extensive music collection and began listening to more and more music. It was essentially a snowball effect from there. I just kept getting my hands on more and more music until I've amassed currently almost 500 albums. Much of my personality changed as well. It changed many of the ways I looked at the world because I started hearing so many more perspectives on it through the music. Instead of just a visual representation I had grown up with, I now had an audio representation of the world. So many ways of translation just coming straight to me through my ears. My views just broadened up so much and I started to accept much more into my life. I used to never like change. If I was at a restaurant, I'd get only what I absolutely knew I would like. Music made me to become much more experimental as it opened my eyes and helped me become much more acceptable of change and trying new things. I would say that's the biggest thing I have learned from music. Is the prospect of how beautiful things can become if looked at in more than one way. Music showed this to me and taught me a way to be able to finally express it. I used to have such a hard time expressing myself, but music became my avenue for expression. Now whatever effects me, it can show in my work, and the music I write. Again, music taught me how to accept change, and also to become more passionate. Well it kind of goes hand in hand to me, as expression leads to passion, and vice versa. I tried to do that with art, but it just never fully took me the way music did. I've grown and changed more from music than anything else in my entire life. If you knew me ten years ago, you wouldn't even know me anymore. It's funny how much some of the most simple things to some people, can be so complex and life changing to others. But thankfully, I was fortunate enough to discover music, because I can't imagine anymore the way I was. Now my world is so much more open to interpretation in ways I never thought possible before. Music would probably be the first drug I can say I ever discovered. When I listened to that movie soundtrack for the first time, listening to all those great bands, I just felt such a rush like nothing I ever felt before. It was insane to me. That cd was a gateway for me to bigger and better music. A lot of music is just music to me, thats all, I still enjoy it, but some bands and soundtracks are something else. My prime example is Tool. When I first heard their song called â€Å"Third Eye†, I learned that music carried no boundaries. This was music unlike any rock I've ever heard before. It was so intricate as it went on. So many parts to the song that sound nothing alike, but they mesh together like a beautiful tapestry. Parts are peaceful and beautiful, and parts are a tempest of intruments, and each section rung a note inside me, just taking me someplace else entirely when I closed my eyes. Its like, behind my eyelids, I could see what the singer was seeing as he sang his heart out. The first time this ever happened to me, I could remember vividly like I was on a sandy desert, but it wasn't hot, it was rather cool and the sky was pinkish. And there were pools of water all over the place, like it just rained for hours, and inside the sand, there were black shiny stones everywhere scattered. After that happened to me, I been hooked on Tool ever since. No music has had a more profound effect on me before that day. Man, if anything can make a grown woman feel like a little child that is so excited before christmas, that is Tool for me. So overall, music has showed me how much more there is in the world besides what we see everyday. The eyes are just one sense, and the ears can tell just as much about the world as the eyes. The world just appears more beautiful when you can see deeper inside of it. You have to see the abstract of something to truly appreciate it for how beautiful it is.

Summary Paper Wk 2

Summary Paper Wk 2 Summary Paper Wk 2 How to Become Upper Management Erik S. St. George MGT/230 March 24, 2015 Mr. William Slomski How to Become Upper Management The path to becoming a CEO of any Corporation is a long road for anyone to take. To be a CEO of an organization, you must understand the many different intricacies of what makes the organization work, as an individual cannot be expected to lead the Company if they don’t understand what the company represents, or its purpose. Anne Mulcahy, the CEO of the XEROX Inc., played an intricate part in the development of XEROX and has been the pivoting factor of why the organization is doing so well in today’s competitive market-place. Discussing how she came to be the CEO of the company, and some of the decisions that she has made over the past several years will help us to understand what it takes to be in a position of leadership and management, and everything that you do can affect the future success, or failure of the organization that you are a part of. Road to Become the CEO Mulcahy stated in an interview on â€Å"Destination CEO† (Strategic videos) that her ability to do what she is capable of now, and how she got to the point that she has achieved, is accredited to her Father. During childhood, her father would make her and her brothers debate about different topics, and teach them about how to research the information about it. Her father expected them to maintain her knowledge on current events from the newspaper, and other sources of information. He would test them on their ability to state their opinions, back it by facts, and to have the ability to deliver the information in a way that would allow them to make others understand and side with them. Mulcahy started at Xerox because one of her brother’s worked there and helped her to get started with the company. She started at the bottom in sales, and therefore developed a good understanding of what the customer desired within their products. Later during her climb up the corporate ladder, she spent several years in Human Resources, and this gave her the opportunity to plan, develop, and launch a new department that would attempt improve the sales of the company’s products, and with the sales force organization. Vision Mulcahy’s ability to understand where the company was destined to go gave her the ability to set goals for the organization, to rally those within the leadership around those goals, and to convince the former CEO of the company to come back and recommend to the Board of Directors that Mulcahy be elected as the new CEO of the company. Her â€Å"Can Do† attitude was always contagious to others, and inspired those around her to follow her. This attitude is what also carried her through having to make many of the hard decisions that had to be made, such as cutting jobs and cutting entire

Microsoft Word Tips Adding Chapter Headers - Proofed

Microsoft Word Tips Adding Chapter Headers - Proofed Microsoft Word Tips: Adding Chapter Headers Breaking up a longer document, such as a dissertation or manuscript, into chapters will make it much easier to read. And if you do this, adding chapter headers will help your reader navigate the document quickly and easily. But how does this work in Microsoft Word? Let us explain. Chapter Headers in Microsoft Word Adding chapter headers to a Microsoft Word document requires three things: Using a Heading style for your chapter headings Adding section breaks between chapters Generating the chapter headers This might seem complex, but each step is simple. Read on to find out more. Step One: Applying Heading Styles The Heading styles in Word are used for headings and subheadings. Chapter titles are the main headings in a document, so they would usually be formatted with Heading 1. Whichever style you use, though, to prepare for applying chapter headers you should: Select a style and customize it as required Go through your work applying the chosen style to all chapter headings Heading styles. Make sure to only use this style for chapter titles (you can use the other Heading styles for subheadings within chapters). This will let Microsoft Word tell the chapter titles apart from other text. Step Two: Adding Section Breaks Next, we need to add section breaks between chapters. Usually, you will want each chapter to start on a new page. You can do this throughout your document as follows: Find the first chapter title Place the cursor before the heading Go to Layout Page Setup on the main ribbon Click Breaks and select Next Page from the dropdown menu Repeat for each chapter in the document Adding a section break. Doing this will tell Microsoft Word where each chapter starts and ends. Step Three: Creating Chapter Headers All we need to do now is tell Microsoft Word what goes in each header. To do this, we first need to make sure that the headers in each section are separated from one another. To do this: Go to the first chapter in your document Open the header by going to Insert Header Footer Header Edit Header on the ribbon With the header selected, go to Design Navigation Deselect Link to Previous Repeat for each section of the document Unlinking sections. And finally, to create the chapter headers themselves, all you need to do is: Open the header in the first chapter Go to References Captions Cross-reference Select Heading from the menu as your reference type Pick the relevant chapter title and click Insert Repeat for each chapter of your document Adding chapter headers. This will insert the text formatted with the selected Heading style at the top of each page in each section. You can also apply the same header throughout multiple sections by leaving the Link to Previous option selected for each section after the first. If you later update your chapter titles, don’t forget to update your chapter headers! Getting your work proofread is a great way of making sure you don’t miss issues like this, so get in touch today.

Strategic management- coursework assessment 2014

Strategic management- assessment 2014 - Coursework Example In other words, it can be stated that business model helps in recognising the fundamental changes for innovation and deliver value to the people. Different business organisations implement business model to analyse the industry competitiveness and satisfy the stakeholders. In this essay three organisation have been taken into consideration in order to analyse their business models, which includes Google, Facebook and Samsung (Loewe, 2009). Google is a United States based leading multinational corporations, providing internet-based services across the globe. It is a leading search engine used by the people for rapid development and for enhancing the productivity. Google uses a strong business model for its smooth functioning driven with the objective of becoming one of the prominent sources of information for the people. The motive of the business model is to penetrate into the market with a strong growth rate for continuous revenue (Google, 2014). Facebook is another well-known social networking company, which is intended to increase the level of communication amid the people across the globe. The services provided by the social networking site include personal communication and promotional services. The business model of Facebook is to create ‘Multi-sided Platform’ in order to serve different customer segments (Facebook, 2014). On the contrary, Samsung is a leading brand providing various products and services to the people as per the market requirements. This is possible with help of the business model implemented by the company in order to increase the efficiency of the people (Samsung, 2014). Contextually, business model involves every aspect of a company’s approach in order to develop profitability and ensure delivering quality services to the customer for greater effectiveness in the long run. The objective for the implementation of the business model is to serve various segments of customers in order to provide

What is the 'risk' of thinking the security of liberal governance as Essay

What is the 'risk' of thinking the security of liberal governance as risk management - Essay Example s the most critical aspect of the governance and politics has its roots in the era emerging as an aftermath of the cold war which witnessed the collision of two super powers with each other and resulting split up of the one. What is however, critical to note that after the cold war era, the overall focus from assessing the dangers to the security to the overall risks that may be arising out of the changing situation? This transition from threat based assessment to risk based assessment as well as assuming probabilities and their impact therefore requires a comprehensive understanding of the overall risk approach that has been adapted. This transition therefore needs to be understood in larger context of the political as well as from international relations point of view. The 9/11 Commission also blamed the various security agencies for their failure to anticipate and imagine the threats that were being present to the security of the US. Similar findings were also present into the report of the Commission that probed the London Bombings and stressed on the need for developing the ability of the government agencies to look into the unknown and perceive the various risks that may be arising.(Goede, 2008). This approach therefore requires that the modern societies must develop their abilities to pre-empt the risks and have the required resources and will to combat such risks in different manners. The events of the 9/11 and 7/7 therefore also indicates towards the need for adapting an approach that will allow the governments and societies to bring forth changes that can safeguard them against the potential risks. Traditional methods of countering with the security threats therefore may not suffice given the fact that the world at large has became really fragmented and the conflict of interests between nations is becoming more vivid and threatening. It is argued that with the passage of time, the overall nature and orientation of the concept of risk and security has

Core Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Core Reflection - Essay Example For some, a passing grade is suffice while others must maintain a certain grade point average. Champlain College integrates two distinct approaches to traditional academics and these two approaches are with a liberal studies program and interdisciplinary teaching and learning. In addition, the purpose of liberal study and general education is a rich experience that combines academic strictness, self-exploration, and global and local awareness. It is important to be in Core class because we are able to take what we learn in class and are able to apply it to what we want for our future. Every student will gain something different from each class and that is true of Core class. Each of us are able to look at our own interests and view things in ways that perhaps were instilled in us in our environment before becoming a student at Champlain. Through student and faculty discussions, we are able to see things in a whole new way and look at the world with different perspectives. We might think that we have a certain job that we are focused on doing and through the self-exploration, we find ourselves soul-searching to see if we can really identify with the objectives of a particular career. Without a Core class, we are able to pinpoint more closely what our objectives are at Champlain so we can meet the goals we have set for ourselves as students. I have been studying Core classes since last summer and some of them are enjoyable but a few of them are not. Because I am transfer student, I had to take Summer Bridge which is COR-130 and it was over a period of six weeks. This really was not too bad, however, I had to learn a lot of information and material in a short period of time compared to a regular semester course. In Core 200 level courses, there are several available options of courses. Unfortunately, there were not many that satisfied my interests so I felt like I was taking random classes and courses and

Impact Of Technology On The Music Industry

Impact Of Technology On The Music Industry Music industry has been most significantly affected by such revolution of technology during the past few decades. The most significant innovation in the music industry has undoubtedly been the digitalization of music. Digital music technology has completely changed the underlying dynamics and economics of the music industry. From time to time, this has been an issue of debate and has seen many legal actions and sanctions (Matsuura, nd). Along with innovations in music technology, the issue of piracy has become the single most challenging and threatening problem in the music industry which has from time to time raised serious concerns and warned of the consequences on the industry. Music piracy can be formally defined as any form of duplication along with distribution of music without the formal permission from the entity holding the copyrights to that particular music. Directly interlinked with music piracy is the role of internet and related phenomenon such as file sharing or peer-to-peer sharing (P2P). Internet growth and innovation are largely to be blamed and held responsible for the crisis in the music industry circles that affects its three major players including recording companies, artists and consumers (Patokos, 2008). Not only the music industry is facing losses but the quality of music is also threatened by piracy. According to Hull (1998), the music industry profits from its three major revenue streams: Purchase of recorded music. Broadcasting recorded music. Industry for attending live performances. Here is the music industry vale chain as described in Meisel and Sullivan. (2002). The Music Industry Value Chain Source: Meisel et al. (2002), p.18. We all know how easy it is to gain access to the authentic and copyrighted music through duplicated CDs and file sharing (without paying any royalty to the owners of music) on internet (Bozina, Dumancic and Knezevic, 2007). Research Purpose The major purpose of carrying out this research is the importance of significant technological developments on the music industry circles and the ways in which issues such as copyright, authenticity, illegal production and distribution of music affect the various participants of the music industry circle. It will bring into focus the particular technological changes over the past two decades and evolution that has come to impact the way music is produced and distributed. It will also help the readers understand the legal implications of the issue. Finally the research will investigate the major problem areas that threaten the music industry, particularly emphasizing on the revolution of MP3 technology and Compact Discs and it will conclude with quantitative and qualitative analysis of the relevant variables that influence the revenues of music industry. Research Questions Is the modern music industry suffering from pervasive effects of internet theft, piracy and flouting of copyright rules? How important it is to critically analyse the legal and technological implications of the MP3 technology on the business of music? Importance of Research The issue of piracy needs the special attention of industry and law experts as we cannot let the phenomenon continue to wreck the music business. The MP3 effect influences the sales of music albums, though the law can spur legal actions in favour of ban the MP3 use but it is not a practical solution. On the one end technology eases and improves the production and distribution of music and on the other it should provide the end listeners easy and cheaper access to high quality authentic music. Brief Literature Review Until the 1990, music business was correctly anticipated but soon after this period, the forces shaping the business began to change. The first ever music cassette was introduced in 1963 by PhilipsÂÂ ©. It became a very popular mode of entertainment exploited by the car makers (Morton, 2004). The year of 1979 revolutionized by SonyÂÂ © which the first hand held music player device. It came to be known as Sony WalkmanÂÂ © (Thomas, 2006). Both Philips and Sony collaboratively brought in the most advanced technology (still remains so with more advanced variants such as DVD and Blu-RayÂÂ © technology) called as Compact Discs (CDs) and the players used to play the media known as CD players. By 1988, the CDs became the most popular technology for distributing music in standardized format which became universally accepted by the music industry and CDs outsold Long Playing record albums (LP) (University of Minnesota, 2008). The technology called Digital Audio Tape (DAT) w as introduced by Sony the next year. It remained the most popular recording technology for professionals during the 1990s (Sony GroupÂÂ ©, 2010). The other leader in musical innovation PhilipsÂÂ © launched Digital Compact Cassette to counter SonysÂÂ © DAT technology. SonyÂÂ © released the Mini Disk (MD) in response to DCC. MD provided with professional high quality recording to the professionals (Sony GroupÂÂ ©, 2010). The music was most dramatically distributed on the CDs and hence their use was most widespread. CDs were used by all of the major recording labels due to persistent decrease in the prices of CDs (Sony GroupÂÂ ©, 2010). The following Table 2.2 presents the change in the prices of CDs in the US music market between 1983 and 2006. Table 2.1. Decline in the prices of CDs from 1983 through 2006. Source: RIAA, 2007 The technology called CD- Recordable (CD-R) was introduced in 1990 and it was the first opportunity for the consumers to successfully duplicate the contents of the music albums without compromising on the quality of music and this allowed for piracy to be practised by consumers and other players such as illegal music uploading sites (OMalley, 1998). In US, 288 million CDs were sold only in one year, 1990 (Amoah, 2005). The role of computing and internet technology proved instrumental in spreading the crisis in the music industry. It was only in 1991 that computers came with the technology that played its users to play and listen to music. This development was attributed to Ad Lib and Creative Labs who introduced the technology of sound cards integrated into personal computers during manufacturing stage (Dixon, 2010). It heightened the interest of consumers to reproduce the authentic contents on CDs, CD-Rs and more advanced recording media such as DVDÂÂ © and Blu-RayÂÂ ©. However the real trouble was the introduction of the technology that made it possible to encode music as digital files on the computers, the most critical one was MPEG3 or MP3 (Motion Picture Experts Group-1 Audio Layer 3). MP3 was introduced on 26 November 1996 (Belis, 2010). MP3 became so critical because it allowed users to create copies of music albums to near perfection. The fact that MP3 files could be stored on computers and handled as any other file stored on it, the exchange of such music files was facilitated with an extreme ease. With MP3 came the MP3 players to play them on standalone basis. Elger Labs was the first one to develop and commercially release the MP3 player known as MPman and was priced at whopping $250 only to store some eight songs. The revolution in MP3 players was brought about by Creative Labs in the year 2001 when it released an MP Player with much higher storage capability of 6 Gigabytes in comparison to MPman. But this was just a phase of development and it saw the launch of the worlds most foremost technology in MP3 players, it was the release of the device called IPOD by Apple (Menta, 2004). In todays time most of the youth carry an MP3 player and IPOD remains the most favourite among all the options available. The problem would not get aggravated if mp3 files were restricted in the hands of individual users but the use of internet provided a platform that allowed sharing of music through online modes. The pioneer of music sharing technology was a website known as Napster (Patokos, 2008). This was a platform for various internet users for sharing of music files stored on the computers hard drives between the users. This is known as peer-to-peer (P2P) sharing of files. Napster assumed profuse growth in P2P sharing market until it was successfully busted down by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in July 2000 with the help of judicial order (Riedel, 2006). The most recent and devastating innovation in the recent years has been the illegal use of a collection of files known as torrents. These torrents are downloadable through applications known as torrent downloader. There are sites such as Pirate Bay and BT Junkie which provide a collection of torrents downloadable by using applications such as Azureus and ÂÂ µtorrent. The torrent era is most destructive because sharing is not confined to sharing of music files. Such sites are now being used for sharing anything from music files, audio books, movies, software and other miscellaneous files. It has almost become a social networking cult among the youth and value of such networks increases as they become larger and more extensive. While the RIAA was successful in cracking down Napsters services, they have been unsuccessful in preventing the expansion of torrent based programs as mentioned ahead in the report. Since the conception of P2P the sale of physical CDs has been steadily declining every year (Powell and Smith-Doerr, 1994). Table 2.3 clearly represents the huge growth in the digital modes of music access and significant declines in the sales of physical music media. The newer and more devastating impact has been inflicted on music industry by applications like torrent downloaders as such networks differ from Napster like technology because they do not rely on a single centralized server but the download is carried out by a user from various servers or seeding points/seeders. Even the law becomes impotent in such situations because no single entity can be blamed for legal action. Manufacturers Unit Shipments and Retail Dollar Value Data Collection The data for the research will be collected from the Consumer Expenditure Survey tables available from the US Bureau of Labour Statistics. It is an extensive database which provides minute details about the buying habits of the US consumers, their income and various household characteristics. It also provides survey micro data for individual consumers demographic and expenditure patterns (CES, 2010). I will also consult a range of websites for the purpose of collecting information and statistics related to the music industry. Music industry websites- The Nielsen Company, www.soundscan.com, Recording industry Association of America, http://www.riaa.com, Sony Music, http://www.sonymusic.co.uk, Universal, http://www.universalrecords.com, Warner Brothers Music, http://www.warnerbros.com/music. Audio technology sites- Diamond, http://www.diamonthrun.com, Microsoft, http://www.microsoft.com, Music Match, http://www.musicmatch.com, Real Networks, http://www.real.com. Internet industry sites- Amazon, http://www.amazon.com, CD Baby, http://www.cdbaby.com, Emusic, http://www.emusic.com, MPEG, http://www.cselt.it/mpeg/, Napster, http://www.napster.com. Broadcast sites- BBC, http://www.bbc.co.uk, Broadcast.com, http://www.broadcast.com, Cyberville Radio, http://www.cyberville.co.uk. Marketing sites- ViralMarketers.com, http://www.viralmarketer.com, Musicpromotion.net, http://www.musicpromotion.net. Another major database that I will gain access to is the comprehensive statistical analysis known as the Shipment Statistics Database available from The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). I will need to contact RIAA through email to inform then regarding them my projects vital features and they will decide whether to permit access to the database. In the event of permission not being granted I will subscribe to it by paying a nominal fee (RIAA, 2010) Methodology This particular research work will focus on utilizing a research model that enables to exploit the benefits of methods such as qualitative analysis through behavioural questionnaire and interviews with the industry experts. Since the research fundamentally proposes that MP3 CDs and internet file sharing technologies impact the sales of original works of music. It is important to keep in mind the argument that such facilities decreased the CDs sales. To effectively deal with this question of importance, I will collect micro-level data from the US Consumer Expenditure Survey (CES) available from the Bureau of Labour Statistics (BLS). It will certainly provide the answer to the debatable question whether file sharing has decreased the CDs sales figures. Similar studies have been carried out by experts such as Liebowitz (2004). I will also examine the connection between ownership of computers by households and figures for expenditures on music. It will help me analyse whether increase in computer ownership increases file sharing by consumers and subsequent decreases CD sales. Thus this study will constitute a blend of qualitative and quantitative methods to answer the mentioned research questions. Is there a solution? The diagram 5.1 below proposes the possible go-ahead for the music industry to survive profitably in the coming future. The first file sharing site, Napster was legally challenged in the court and was finally forced to shut down its illegitimate activity. Source: Bized, (nd).

Mandatory Sentencing Essay examples -- Criminal Justice

Mandatory sentencing is not anything new. It began in the 1970s. The main purpose for mandatory sentencing was to try to get rid of the drug lords and to eliminate most of the nation’s street drug selling. It was to impose that the same crime would have the same sentence all over the nation. Some of the negatives that rose from mandatory sentencing were nonviolent drug offenders and first time offenders who were receiving harsh sentences. Inmate populations and correction costs increased and pushed states to build more prisons. Judges were overloaded with these cases, and lengthy prison terms were mandated to these young offenders. Mandatory sentencing is an interesting topic in which I would like to discuss my opinions in going against mandatory sentencing. I will show the reasons for this topic, as well as give you my personal brief on which I support. To begin, Mandatory minimum sentences result in prison overcrowding, and based on several studies, it does not alleviate crime, for example crimes such as shoplifting or solicitation. These sentencing guidelines do not allow a judge to take into consideration the first time offender, differentiate the deviance level of the offender, and it does not allow for the judge to alter a punishment or judgment to each individual case. When mandatory sentencing came into effect, the drug lords they were trying to stop are not the ones being affected by the sentences. It is the nonviolent, low-level drug users who are overcrowding the prisons as a result of these sentences. Both the U.S. Sentencing Commission and the Department of Justice have determined that mandatory sentencing is not an effective way to deter crime. Studies show that mandatory minimums have gone downhill due to racial a... ... OUT OF GET TOUGH JUSTICE? Criminology & Public Policy, 5(1), 37-43. Retrieved December 6, 2010, from Criminal Justice Periodicals. (Document ID: 1016637721). DELIBERATING CRIME AND PUNISHMENT: A WAY OUT OF GET TOUGH JUSTICE? Criminology & Public Policy, 5(1), 37-43. Retrieved November 23, 2010, from Criminal Justice Periodicals. (Document ID: 1016637721). Oct 1993. Retrieved November 18, 2010. Vol. 79. 134 pages (Document ID: 0747-0088) Published by American Bar Association Mandatory Sentencing Laws and Drug Offenders in New York State. Retrieved November 15, 2010, from http://www.drugpolicy.org/library/factsheets/mandatory_ny.cfm. Compiled by Anonymous , The Correctional Association of New York. March 1999. Cindy Swirko. (2010). Florida drug sentences too harsh? Retrieved November 15, 2010 from http://www.gainesville.com/article/20100814/articles/8141011.

Children with Disabilities and Their Shot at Education Essay

The widening gap between the rich and the poor attest to the saying that â€Å"the rich is getting richer and the poor is getting poorer† (Houck, 2006). The book Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America which was written by Barbara Ehrenreich showed a vivid picture of how those occupying blue collar jobs fail to make ends meet with a meager income. The irony here lies in the fact that these people occupy jobs whose services or products they can’t even buy. This phenomenon is described by the great philosopher Karl Marx as the Theory of Alienation (Pappenheim, 1959). A worker can no longer claim that the product he is making is truly his, hence, he is alienated from his products and can’t even afford to buy it himself. Alienation is said to be a product of capitalism. Barbara Ehrenreich related in her book that even hotel maids can’t afford a decent place to stay in when in fact they toil more than most middle class men do. Those who work at Wal-mart can’t even buy half of what is being sold in the store that they are working for (Ehrenreich, 2006). Though they work even harder than those who are buying their products they earn only six to seven dollars an hour. Poverty therefore is not caused by laziness because those who are poor work tremendously harder as compared to rich individuals who only sit behind the desk all day and wait for the paycheck (Anderson, . et. al. 2006). These people exhaust every possible way to make ends meet and that includes finding a second job just to pay the rent and cutting down on basic necessities. Even so, what they earn is not enough to cover for all the household expenses. If you take into consideration everyone in a community, only a small fraction of its population enjoys living a well-off life. A majority suffers from lack of resources or doesn’t have enough food to fill their stomachs. Imbalance in the distribution of resources and wealth affects majority of the citizens. The sad reality lies on whom are the ones getting much and who are the ones not getting anything at all. Majority of the people suffer from low wages while people like Ms. Ehrenreich would not even give a wink at dispensing 40 dollars for a pair of khaki pants (Ehrenreich, 2006). Forty dollars for a pair of pants for some would be too much when 15 dollars would do. The ones in the higher echelons of the society are the ones who are not doing actual hard labor. They capitalize from the hard work of the poor working class, literally giving their sweat, sweating their lungs out and blood just to make money. They work hard and gets paid less, barely enough to make a living out of it. Here is where we come to ask, why do they settle for menial jobs? Is there a job shortage in our country? Apparently, there is none. Even foreigners find fulfilling jobs in our country so why cant our own citizens find one? That is because of skills and qualification. Most jobs that pay above minimum wage are those that require a college degree or educational attainment. Not everyone has the opportunity to study in college; therefore not everyone is qualified to get a high paying job. Even if they get to study college, more often than not they are not able to maximize the learning in the school because of factors such as lack of sleep and decent meal. More so for children with disabilities and are from a poor family. There are other factors that affect a child’s learning and comprehension in class and more often than not, these factors are often overlooked especially in a normal class setting. These children are categorized as lazy, mentally slow or hopeless. They suffer from discrimination and â€Å"labeling† which according to psychology, will damage and weaken the child’s perception and self-esteem. Barbara Ehrenreich, in her book, was able to somewhat apply sociological imagination which was coined by C. Wright Mills in 1959 in her analysis on the state of the people in the labor force. She was able to show why these people are often found by their supervisors slack and not so enthusiastic in their jobs. This is due to lack of sleep and fatigue caused by having two jobs, not having proper and complete meal, and lacking other necessities that makes a worker productive. She went beyond the conventional notion that they are inherently lazy and is not competitive. The sociological imagination links poverty to larger picture, one that occurs in society as a whole and not just on the individual (Mills, 2000). If sociological imagination is to be applied in a classroom setting, a child with disabilities coming from a poor family not being able to keep up with the lessons will not be viewed as sheer laziness by the child or the parents. Rather, a broader picture will enable the teachers to analyze the complexities of poverty that ultimately caused the child to exhibit slow performance in class or even cause the child’s disability. For one, an impoverished family can’t afford regular check ups and medicines upon conception of the child. This alone increases the risks of having complications during pregnancy. We can’t blame the parents if they have no money in preparation for the pregnancy because this family is caught up in the complex web of poverty. The parents might be working hard to give the child a better future but factors such as inflation, epidemic, wide scale cost-cutting of companies, national depression and other factors may have hindered them from preparing for the birth of the child. The rate of poverty for families with children below 18 years of age is 27% (Jackson, 2000). Poverty for a child with disabilities can cause him his future. For one, parents fail to give these children proper medicines and other necessities for them to function normally. Consequently, these parents can’t afford to enroll their child in a school for children with disabilities. As a result, they either become the laughing stock of the entire classroom or they stop going to school. Either way, if they don’t get proper education they too will be caught up in the vicious cycle of poverty (Zou, 2005). Inclusive Classrooms The philosophy of inclusion operates on the premise that a child with disabilities will learn more about society and will have better chances at his future when he is not segregated from society itself. Simply put, inclusion setting allows for children with disabilities to participate in a normal class and encourage him to participate like a normal student instead of discriminating him on the grounds of his disabilities (Salend, 2007). The classroom then becomes a pool of diverse students wherein children with disabilities learn to socialize with normal children and normal children will then learn to respect and not discriminate children with disabilities or those who have cultural background (Salend, 2007). This setting is said to be beneficial to both the normal and special children since they will be able to socialize and prepare for their encounter with diverse individuals in the future. Inclusive setting entails collaboration with the parents and is a tedious process. It is a participatory process wherein the children and the parents are part of the planning and not just mere receivers. They asses the needs of the students and adjust to it so that they will be able to address their individual needs. However such task requires much effort from the teachers, parents and the students (Salend, 2007). This is where most of the dilemma comes from. If the effort of the teachers in the inclusive setting is the same as those in the special learning institution, they ought to be paid much higher than normal teachers. A participatory classroom setting really needs much effort and patience for it to work, however if the goal of the educator/teacher is to teach efficiently then effort should not be an issue. As an educator it is their duty and pride to see their students learn. The success of inclusive learning is a case-to-case basis since the needs of the students are different. There are students who require stringent measures in a classroom setting because of health risks of aggressive behaviors. While inclusive setting is good for the social and emotional skills of a child, the safety and health of the students should be taken into consideration. Conclusion Inclusive classrooms give a ray of hope for those who are financially challenged. It increases the chances of a physically challenged child to have a better shot at his future. Much like most of the children from poor families, the chances of these children in getting low-wage or below minimum wage jobs will also decrease. Once they acquire the skills needed for high paying jobs then the cycle of poverty in their own family will be broken. However such is just a small part of the poverty puzzle. The U. S. as an industrialized country, has one of the widest inequality gaps in the world in terms of income (Schifferes, 2003). Despite its ability to generate income, it remains a fact that even powerful corporations and few individuals still hold more than 60 percent of the economy. Capitalism as Marx would put it will always divide and widen the gap between those who do labor and those who sit and watch them work, thus, the rich and the poor. Poverty will never be resolved overnight or it may not be the concern of the government or the society, but it is the duty of the government or the state to ensure equal distribution of wealth. They should protect the basic rights and interest of its people because the state is created by the people and for the people. The government must provide better programs with regards to education, in which it will cater the need of poor families. Education must be considered as a right not a privilege. It is indeed true that the chances of getting a good quality of education for the poor is thin, however by maximizing the resources such as the ordinary classroom setting and transforming it to inclusive classroom setting, even poverty can be alleviated. It is through collaborative and participatory action that a society can achieve progress.

Crucible Study Essay

Between February 1692 and may 1693 there were a series of hangings because of people accused of witchcraft in Salem Massachusetts. I think Abigail is the guiltiest person in the Crucible because she had an affair with John Proctor and tried to kill his wife. Abigail convinced a lot of people that witchcraft was real or intimidated them into going along with it. She also convinced the girls and herself to send many to their deaths. The first reason I believe Abigail is guilty is that she had an affair with John Proctor and tried to kill his wife. The affair happened when Abigail was in service as a maid to John and Elizabeth Proctor. Elizabeth was sickly and bedridden at the time. Then later in the story she stuck a needle in the poppet that Mary was making in the court house and accused Elizabeth of witchcraft so that when they go to search Elizabeth Proctor’s house, they would find the poppet with a needle stuck into it and then Abigail stabbed her self in the gut with a smal l needle to make it appear like voodoo. So then Elizabeth would get arrested and tried as a witch. If she wouldn’t confess then she would hang witch is exactly what Elizabeth wanted. She also approached John when he was alone multiple times trying to convince him to leave Elizabeth and run away with her. The more John ignored her and told her it wasn’t going to happen the more irritated and desperate she got driving Abby to get Elizabeth hung as mentioned above. The second reason I believe she is the guiltiest person in the novel is that she convinced a lot of people that witchcraft was real or intimidated them into going along with it. Such as when Parris sees them dancing in the woods she tries to cover it up and insists that nothing happened in the woods. But after continuous questioning and pressure she says that Tituba and Ruth were conjuring the spirits of Putnam’s dead babies. Mercy then shows up when Parris leaves and Abigail tells Mercy to say that they were dancing in the woods and that Parri s saw her naked. Abigail then tries to wake Betty to talk to her but she keeps faking ill. Abby tries to tell Betty that she admitted everything to Parris and that it’s ok now. But then Betty suddenly  wakes and tells Abby that she didn’t admit to drinking blood and drinking a charm to kill John Proctor’s wife. And then later when Mary tries to get Abby to confess she says â€Å"Witchery’s a hangin’ error! You’ll only be whipped for dancin’, and the other things!† But Abby tells her that they all took part so all of the girls would be whipped. Abby then tells the whole group of them that if anybody tells she’ll kill them in their sleep. And tells them you all know I can because my parents were killed by Indians in front of me when I was very young. The Final reason I believe that she is to blame is that she convinced or used the girls and herself to send many to their deaths. One of the first examples is how she used Mary Warren to get at Elizabeth Proctor by shoving the needle in Mary’s poppet that she was making for Elizabeth so that she could accuse Elizabeth of witchcraft and have her hung. Another good example is how she acted as if Mary Warren was sending her sprit out as a bird with talons and huge wings to make Mary seem like a witch when she was going to confess the truth behind the girls’ lies, and also how the girls were influenced by Abby’s actions. So in conclusion, Abigail had an affair with John Proctor and tried to kill his wife. She convinced many that witch craft was real or intimidated and threatened them into going along with it. Abigail also got or used the girls to send many people to jail and many to their deaths. Those are the reasons I am forced to believe that Abigail is to blame and it the guiltiest person in the story. Work Cited Mary Warren’s Quotes pages 18-19 Act One