The Cultural Issues Of Christianity - 863 Words

Moving on to the cultural issues, Christianity mainly in particular faces the problem of having certain holidays such as Christmas and Easter being secularized in the UK. These holidays which are held by Christians in the UK are now pagan holidays for all faiths by introducing figures such as Santa Claus and the Easter Bunny respectively. As of today Christians are campaigning for Christmas and other religious holidays to be celebrated for what it really is according to BBC News (2012). When looking at Islamic festivals however, there are so little in comparison. Twice a year they have Eid. The social issue is that generally children have to attend school and people go to work as they are not considered public holidays. PRC (2014) states†¦show more content†¦This means that these cultural issues involve the UK government plan to secularize the country is resulting in reducing Christianity in the UK. For Islam, there are cultural issues such as the religion being associated with terrorism and Muslims find this as associative discrimination Carter-Esdale (2015). This is because there are extreme groups that conducted terrorist attacks in the various nations claiming that they are defending Islam. In the UK, there are some Muslims that feel that it is harder to socially integrate into society as some of them are associated with this issue. Wiseman (2014: p314) states that the extreme groups accounts for a small percentage of the Muslim population and the entire Muslim population is now generalized to be part of this issue and as a result they feel that their true intentions of Islam is now being misinterpreted. This means that Muslims are fighting for Islam to be seen as a religion of peace and not war and that they do intend to be part of society. The last cultural issue which Shah (2014: p245) shows is that there are Muslims in the UK that tend to stay together with their particular groups as a means of keeping their cultural values, faith and their identity and this is not for themselves, but for the upcoming generation on a patrilineal basis. This means the Muslim families would want to cluster together have their generation have the same

The Jack Roller Free Essays

Peter Wilke Professor Callais Analysis Paper February 11, 2013 The Jack Roller In the book The Jack Roller author Clifford Shaw is a criminologist who has researched many different youthful deviants to see exactly when the deviance begins and how it evolves. The book dives deep into the mind of a particular case of a boy named Stanley in Chicago during the 1920’s. From the beginning of the book Stanley is abused by his stepmother often being set aside so she could tend to here actual children. We will write a custom essay sample on The Jack Roller or any similar topic only for you Order Now I believe this book is most accurately depicts the social learning theory. Stanley has been exposed to a multitude of positive outlooks of crime from his family and friends at an extremely young age. I support the blank slate theory because in the very beginning of the book Stanley’s stepmother encourages him to act in deviant behavior. â€Å"One day my stepmother told William to take me to the railroad yard to break into box-cars. † (52-53). So Stanley has been taken under the wing of his step-brother who is stealing stuff for there stepmother, in return they are rewarded for stealing. This is a perfect example of an exposing Stanley to a positive outlook on crime. With this happening it kick started Stanley’s deviant behavior he began stealing for fun for many years, constantly being picked up by the police and taken to detentions homes which were not much of a punishment for him. Stanley enjoyed being in the detention home more than his real home so the consequence for his criminal behavior almost was a reward for him. In the detention home, Stanley was able to meet other criminal that furthermore gave him positive reinforcement of crime, â€Å"I was really awed by the bravery and wisdom of the older crooks. Their stories of adventure fascinated my childish imagination, and I felt drawn to them. (57). These criminal that Stanley met inspired him; they gave him someone to look up to, someone that he could aspire to be through crime. After being released Stanley was picked up by his step mother only to run away yet again to survive a couple days then be picked up by the police on the street. This process happened a multitude of times un til eventually he was sent to the St. Charles School for Boys. â€Å"The strict discipline, hard punishment, no recreation, fear, and unfair breaks made life miserable. † (68). St. Charles was the first negative consequence for his crimes. Stanley was absolutely miserable there and yearned to get out just to go back to stealing. In observing this book you realize that all Stanley knows is crime, he frequently is in and out of a job, and keeps one for rarely over a month. Stanley knows nothing but crime it has been engraved into his â€Å"clean slate†, and he has learned how to survive off of it. After serving 16 months Stanley was released for St. Charles only to be arrested not soon after and return back to St. Charles for another month. After being released Stanley makes somewhat of an attempt at earning his money honestly and goes though a multitude of jobs. He starts out living with this stepsister, only to be kicked out because of missing rent. He then meets a very friendly woman who takes him into her homes and lets him live. Stanley enjoys the company of this woman and uses her as somewhat of an emotional release, â€Å"This time I was not afraid, but felt a wave of depression and sadness come over me, because a woman was offering me sympathy; something I had never received before. † (76). Stanley lived with this woman for about a month soon to find out she was a prostitute, although he was shocked he did not condemn her for it and Stanley understood. He still left her to go to the YMCA only to return to the detention home. The interaction with Stanley and the prostitute enforces the social learning theory because it is exposing Stanley to his first mother figure that is a criminal. The only positive female influence in his entire life makes her living based off of crime; one could see how this could impact such an impressionable youthful mind. Eventually the vice president of a company he worked for took in Stanley, the man had no children and was very wealthy. Stanley enjoyed living with him and his wife but yearned for the freedom of his city, and at the first opportunity gather up his money and ran away. After this Stanley began to become involved in much more elaborate burglaries and â€Å" Jack Rolling†, he became with a â€Å"gang† of other boys and was making a large amount of money robbing and stealing. â€Å"So we plied our trade with a howling success for two months. Sometimes we made as much as two hundred dollars in a single day. † (97), this expressed an enormous positive reinforcement of crime to Stanley. Stanley has never made this type of money in his life before, it is much more fun and easier in his opinion than working a job and you can make much more than a job. In this book I believe Stanley was raised on a life of crime, nearly everything he was exposed to provided a positive outlook on this crime. He simply never was exposed to any real punishment before it was to late. All of the friendly people he met were criminals, such as the prostitute and his gang, he made a large amount of money â€Å"jack rolling†, and he enjoyed the ego from his criminal record with all the respect it earned him from the youth. The social learning theory supports Stanley’s case because his family, peers, school, and his environment all directed him into a life of crime. The other possible theory I could see one choosing would be the control theory, assuming that people are naturally inclined to commit crime could seem like it could fit Stanley’s case. The reason I did not choose it is because the environment that Stanley was in I feel created him. His stepmother, his siblings and stepsiblings, the detention home, his gang, and people such as the prostitute all impacted his deviant life an extreme amount. How to cite The Jack Roller, Essay examples

Egypt New Kingdom Egypt from the Reign of Amenhotep Iii to the Death of Rameses Ii. free essay sample

Egypt: New Kingdom Egypt From the reign of Amenhotep III to the death of Rameses II. Changing role and contribution of queens: Tiye, Nefertiti, Nefertari Tiye was from non-royal background and married Amenhotep early in his reign. The Marriage Scarabs clearly proclaimed Tiyes parents, Yuya and Thuya who were of non-royal background. She held the status of Great royal wife Mistress of upper and lower Egypt lady of the two lands. Her name often appears in a cartouche and in reliefs and sanctuary she is often shown beside Amenhotep as the same size. Amenhotep III undertook a massive building of a lake for Tiye, which shows he took pride in her. He also built a palace for Tiye at Malkata. Even some monuments indicate Tiye played an important part in Amenhoteps life. Evidence from the Amarna letters also indicate Tiye played an active role in foreign affairs. Foreign rulers wrote directly to her. â€Å"To Tiye, Lady of Egypt. Thus speaks Tushratta, King of Mitanni. Everything is well with me. May everything be well with you. May everything go well for your house, your son, may everything be perfectly well for your soldiers and for everything belonging to you. † Even when Amenhotep died the Mitanni king still wrote to her to maintain good relations. Early in Akhenatens reign, he relied on advice from his mother Tiye regarding matters relating to the Mitanni. It is not known what role Tiye played in Akhenatens religious reform, but she was still held in high esteem after the Aten collapse solidifying her importance to Egyptian society. Arguably, to those who are not very involved in the study of ancient Egypt, Queen Nefertiti is perhaps better known than her husband, the heretic king Akhenaten. Undoubtedly, Akhenaten seems to have had a great love for his Chief Royal wife. They were inseparable in early reliefs, many of which showed their family in loving, in almost idealist compositions. At times, the king is shown riding with her in a chariot, kissing her in public and with her sitting on his knee. Nefertiti was more then just a queen, she supported her husband, promoted his religious beliefs, and was depicted more pharaonic, rather then queenly. New findings are proving that Nefertiti was probably one of Egypt’s most powerful queens to ever rule. She was shown with the crown of a pharaoh and was depicted in scenes of battle. Nefertiti and her King lived during a highly unusual period in Egyptian history. It was a time of religious controversy when the traditional gods of Egypt were more or less abandoned at least by the royal family in favor of a single god, the sun disk named Aten. t is believed that Nefertiti was active in the religious and cultural changes initiated by her husband. Nefertari had other roles to carry out than to be a bearer of children to Ramesses. She played an important behind the scenes role in the Peace Treaty between her husband and Hattusil. Although things were technically peaceful on the treaty, there was still tension between the two shortly thereafter, with some uncertainty over some towns. The signing of the treaty was accompanied by an exchange of letters and gifts between Hattusil and Ramesses and their chief Queens, Padukhepa and Nefertari. â€Å"Says Naptera (Nefertari)†¦ with you my sister may all be well, and with your country may all be well†¦ in friendship and sisterly relation with the great queen of Khattte now and forever. † By doing this, it ensured that not only was there resolve between the two kings Ramesses and Hattusil, but between the two nations too. This was significant for Egypt as it aided in portraying Ramesses a good leader and diplomat, without making him seem weak, as well as overall strengthening Ramesses’ rule. Thus, the good links between the two nations would also have positive ramifications, letting trade routes stay open and resources becoming available to all which was the result of the communication of Nefertari. (Bradley, P. 2005) Post-Amarna reforms: restoration of Amun and other gods Akhenaten died in his seventeenth year on the throne and his reforms did not survive for long in his absence. His co-regent Smenkhkare, about whom we know virtually nothing, appears not to have remained in power for long after Akhenatens death. The throne passed to a child, Tutankhamun who was probably the son of Akhenaten and Kiya. The regents administering the country on behalf of the child soon abandoned the city of Akhetaten and the worship of the Aten and returned to Egypts traditional gods and religious centers. The temples and cults of the gods were restored and people shut up their houses and returned to the old capitals at Thebes and Memphis. Over time, the process of restoration of traditional cults turned to whole-scale obliteration of all things associated with Akhenaten. His image and names were removed from monuments. His temples were dismantled and the stone reused in the foundations of other more orthodox royal building projects. The city of Akhetaten gradually crumbled back into the desert. His name and those of his immediate successors were omitted from official king-lists so that they remained virtually unknown until the archaeological discoveries at Akhetaten and in the tomb of Tutankhamun made these kings amongst the most famous of all rulers of ancient Egypt. Horemheb’s wrecking crews destroyed all reminders of the Aten by following a careful plan as described by Redford in, Akhenaten, The Heretic King. â€Å"First and mud-brick construction within the Gempaaten was demolished and the rubble flattened. Then the legs of the colossal statues around the outside of the court were smashed and the upper parts of the images allowed falling forward on their faces into the courtyard. Next, the roofing blocks of the colonnade were taken off and thrown into the court, and the piers demolished one by one. The dismantling of the talatat wall, with its still-fresh reliefs, followed immediately, section by section. † Ankhesenpaaten and Tutankhaten also changed their names to Ankhesenamen and Tutankhamen, to honor the old gods that however despite this Aten was not abandoned at this point. Although the temples of the other gods were being reopened, the priest of the Aten would operate alongside the priests of the other gods. When the Restoration Stele was completed, the royal couple abandoned Akhet-Aten for good, presumable traveling between the reinstated capitals of Egypt: the administrative capital in Memphis and the religious capital, in Waset, where Amun ruled. Bibliography Egyptian Historical Records of the Later Eighteenth Dynasty, Fascicle VI B. G. Davies / 1995 Also Available at: †¢http://www. angelfire. com/ne2/TiaDuat/tutstela. html S. T. Smith 2003. Wretched Kush: ethnic identities and boundaries in Egypts Nubian empire London. Also available at: †¢http://books. google. com/books? id=M4gn7-aZ4DgC=PA176=PA176=with+you+my+sister+may+all+be+well,+and+with+your+country+may+all+be+well. +May+the+sun+got+(of+Egypt)+and+the+storm+god=bl=uyTLhfcWWn=ZcczIEtPj6JsX62asbgsnaTyp9w=en=DhceTOz6KZDCce2a0Nsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=1ved=0CBIQ6AEwAA#v=snippetq=Nefertitif=false P. Bradley. 1999. Ancient Egypt: Reconstructing the Past. Reprinted in 2007 KingTutOne. com. The Queens. 2001. King Tut One Authors. Available at: †¢http://www. kingtutone. com/queens/nefertiti/ †¢http://www. kingtutone. com/queens/nefertari/ Queen Tiye . Megaera Lorenz . Published 4/2/00 Available at: †¢http://www. heptune. com/Tiye. html The End of the Amarna Period. Dr Marc Gabolde. Last updated 2009-11-05. Available at: †¢http://www. bbc. co. uk/history/ancient/egyptians/amarna_01. shtml